Semicoke here is understood as a mixture of semicoke and shc ash. It is questionable that any single tract would be large enough for commercial development. In 2012, the countrys oil shale industry employed 6,500 people about 1% of the national workforce. The effect that the thin non oil shale beds and vugular zones would have on the well log analysis was a prime concern in the study. Table 6 composition analysis for ash from north korean oil shale. Pdf effect of jordanian oil shale fly ash on asphalt. Standard oil shale samples were obtained from ellajun area in jordan. Recent trends in oil shale, 79 november 2006, amman, jordan ducted at the institute of chemical and biological physics. Permeability of oil shale under in situ conditions. Arithmetic mean, observed range, geometric mean, and geometric deviation of ash content and contents of 11 major and minor oxides in the laboratory ash of 12 coal samples from virginia and west virginia 18 5. The inorganic part of estonian kukersite oil shale consists of carbonates and.
Oil shale samples from sultani oil shale mine, south of jordan, were pyrolyzed by a partial combustion to generate shale oil. The case of eagle ford linnea lund production of oil and gas from shale is often described as a revolution to energy production in north america. In situ permeability is one of the most critical technical parameters for successful implementation of oil shale in situ retorting. Pdf utilization of oil shale ash in concrete making fidaa. Slurry erosion testing of steel with oil shale ash as abrasive. Pyrolysis of huadian oil shale under catalysis of shale ash. Mineral and heavy metal composition of oil shale ash from. Chemical analyses and physical properties of 12 coal. Research on experiment of insitu pyrolysis of oil shale and. Oil shale ash was prepared by first crush ing and sieving oil shale samples to two sizes. Pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale of six density sections core.
Pdf composition and properties of oil shale ash concrete. Transformations of sulfur compounds in oil shale ash suspension. Request pdf oil shale and shale oil analysis an oil shale can be defined as a compact rock of sedimentary origin with an ash content of more than 33% and containing organic matter that yields. The question of how to neutralise free lime in oil shale ash as one of the most hazardous components. Analysis of applicability of oil shale for in situ. Ultimate analysis of oil shale and pkerogen samples, wt% sample cdaf hdaf odaf ndaf sdaf ashd oil shale 67. Its characterization and possible use in remediation. Bottom ash was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy sem coupled with chemical analysis. Invention is related to composite material based on polyvinylchloride pvc, where as filler is used certain fractions of mineral industrial waste oil shale ash more specifically dust burn ash and boiling layer burn ash. At the same time, oilshale mining and processing raise a number of environmental concerns, such as land use, waste disposal, water use, wastewater management, greenhousegas emissions and air pollution. Effect of inclusion of oil shale ash on behavior of asphalt. Compared with other fossil fuels, oil shale contains more mineral co2 in the form of limestone and dolomite.
Some typical results for oil shale analyses are tabulated in table 3. Additionally, the effect of cao as an abundant active component in shale ash was specifically investigated for mechanic analysis. The results of proximate analysis of oil shale samples sample ash815, wt% moisture, wt% volatile matter, wt% fixed carbon, wt% higher heating value, mjkg estonian oil shale 51. Pdf effect of jordanian oil shale fly ash on asphalt mixes. Of all the oil shale fired power stations in the world, the two largest are in estonia. The ash disposal area of eesti power plant53 figure 40. It is found that the spent oil shale has high calcium oxide and metals content. Hence, it is currently being investigated for potential use in oil shale fired. The fine oil shale is sent to the solid heat carrier retort after mixed with the hot ash from the circulating fluidized bed cfb furnace. Results and discussion sulphur in oil shale is present in both the inorganic compounds and the. An organic substance is a part of an oil shale, from which synthetic oil. Mineral and heavy metal composition of oil shale ash from oxyfuel. Burning the char off the spent shale produces oil shale ash.
Pdf thermogravimetric and composition analysis of oil. Pdf oil shale ash osa as a binder has air, pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties depending on the combustion temperature and type of ash. Oil shale reserves are widely distributed around the word 2900109 barrels of oil equivalent, with estonia having one of the world largest deposits of commercial significance 10. Oil shale gains attention as a potential abundant source of oil whenever the price of crude oil rises. With more than 50 years of environmental testing experience, we offer a comprehensive scope of analytical testing services, field expertise, dedicated program management and litigation support to help you manage your shale gas development cycle. The ash analysis was performed using a philips pw 140410 xrf spectrometer, the results are presented in table 2. The elemental analysis of oil shale was performed at national research institute in cairo, egypt the data is given in. The different samples were analyzed for carbon content, and results showed that the toc was 2010 mg per liter of retorted water. Approximately 20 percent of the raw oil shale used is larger than 20 in. Ash from dinosaurera volcanoes linked with shale oil, gas. Physical properties of hd oil shale proximate analysis, ad ultimate analysis, wt%, ad fischer assay analysis, wt%, ad density, kg m3 volatiles, wt% 40. A jordanian oil shale company burns the sultani oil shale to generate electricity.
Unlocking americas natural gas, july 19, 2010, page 4. During combustion of oil shale, high temperatures drive off co2 from carbonate minerals and forming ash contains considerable amounts of ca and mg oxides 1530%, which in certain conditions can be the binders of. Oil shale sulfur content oil shale combustion can be used as sorbents in the co2 mineralisation process. Oil shale ash oil shale ash was used as a catalyst for the production of biodiesel from wvo. Characterization of pyrolysis of nongan oil shale at different temperatures and analysis of pyrolysate 155 diffraction analysis xrd pattern of raw oil shale is depicted in figure 2. To assess if oil shale power plants produce specific fly ash particles, we used scanning electron microscopy sem and energy dispersive xray analysis edx to compare fly ash particles from oilshale combustion with particles. Nearly half of the oil shale dry mass is left after combustion or shale oil extraction as a solid residue. In this work, the influences of the pyrolytic temperature and the mixing ratio of oil shale to shale ash on the pyrolysis of huadian oil shale were studied. Oil shale deposits have been found on almost every continent, but only estonia, who has the 8th largest oil shale deposit in the world has continuously utilized oil shale in large scale operations.
Leachability of oil shale ash from isfir almahata oil shale. Oil shale processing an overview sciencedirect topics. The oil shale kerogen ultimate analysis based on dry, ash free basis was. The shale oil is separated from the gaseous retort products. Oil shale is sedimentary rock containing up to 50% organic matter. This work is devoted to study of the physicochemical properties abrasion, crindabitity, heterogeneity, etc. Cementing properties of oil shale ash sciencedirect. World oil shales vary widely in their content and composition of organic compounds kerogen. Life cycle analysis of the estonian oil shale industry. An example on the use of jordanian oil shale ash in portland cement concrete is that study reported by smadi and.
A history and analysis of the federal prototype oil shale leasrig program basin, but this land is distributed over about 30 noncontiguous tracts. Oil shale samples were obtained from alquseir area, egypt. Oil shale is a finegrained sedimentary rock with the potential to yield significant amounts of oil and combustible gas when retorted. Performance evaluation of carbon dioxide sequestration in. Physicochemical analysis of a kerogen rock oil shale. Research on experiment of insitu pyrolysis of oil shale. Ornl6643 degl 005630 energy division ihe an assessment of using oil shale. Table 4 gives the results of a hydrometer analysis of a selected ash sample. The semicoke is then fed into the cfb boiler furnace. The amount of oil shale resources available in the world is 7. Oil shale ash the ash used in this study was obtained by burning oil shale at 600c. Oil shale oil shale is a negrained sedimentary rock containing a solid material kerogen that converts to liquid oil when heated. Oil shale ash oil shale ash was obtained by burning oil shale at 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1030 c in the laboratory. The retorting process in use at lerc is the nevadatexasutah ntu process,which uses very large pieces of raw oil shale.
The ash used in the study was obtained by burning oil shale rock at about 600c. Carbonate, clay minerals and pyrite are also present in different proportions. There are six mineral rock categories of oil shale resources, namely tasmanite, marinate, kukersite, torbanite, lamosite, and cannel coal. Such a composite material has reduced or does not at all have hcl emission in increased temperatures. A choice of processing technology of an oil shale into a synthetic oil that provides high yields and quality of light oil fractions that meet modern requirements for motor fuels requires preliminary physicochemical analysis of the rocks.
The average mineral composition of estonian oil shale mineral part is in. The use of oil shale ash in portland cement concrete. The oil shale contains moisture content, m3% and ash, a 52%. Wo2011098091a1 pvc composition material that contains oil.
Ingredients analysis of allajjounjordanian oil shale the asphalt concrete mixes due to the addition of the fly ash was value evaluated by the decrease in the loss of the indirect tensile property. Tga and bet characterization of spent oil shale as a. Oil shale american association of petroleum geologists. It was supplied by the natural resources authority, jordan. Papers presented included a summary of progress on various oil shale. Oil shale ash added to the pvc contains a certain amount of free cao. Generally, oil shale ash contains about 4050% of total cao, which make them an attractive feedstock for mineral carbonation 7. All these resources are much more difficult to extract than conventional resources and require specilized 1 eia, 2016, and enerdata, 2015.
Caso4 is the main sulfur compound in the ashes of oil shale, but traces of sulfides are also found. At the present time, oil shale ash is mainly disposed as landfill and partly used to produce construction materials such as cement and brick 2, 3. In the retort, the fine oil shale particles are retorted to produce shale oil, semicoke, retorting gas and ash, as shown in eq. The shale oil had a complex composition from the spectra, the system could recognized more than 200 peaks.
The varves are occasionally broken by thin bands of volcanic ash and tuff and by zones of lean vugular oil shale. Oil shale is a critical strategic energy source with very large reserves, and it is acknowledged as an alternative energy source to crude oil. Since the beginning of this century the shale oil production has increased from practically zero to currently supply almost half of the u. Technical and economic analysis of an oil shale comprehensive. American petroleum institute, freeing up energy hydraulic fracturing.
An organic substance is a part of an oil shale, from which synthetic oil can be obtained. The cementing properties of this ash were investigated to determine its. Prospective efforts are directed toward the production of fuel from shale. Photo of large specimen of green river oil shale interbedded with gray layers of volcanic tuff from the. Oxyfuel combustion can reduce co2 emissions from fossil fuels. Ash from dinosaurera volcanoes linked with shale oil, gas march 2018 an enormous volcanic flareup at the end of the dinosaurs reign kicked off a chain of events that led to. Oil shale, an unconventional oil and gas resource, is a fine foliated sedimentary rock containing heterogeneous solid combustible organic matter in its mineral skeleton. Transformations in the solid and liquid phase at aqueous. From the point of chemistry ash from oil shale combustion is very similar to cement and there is no significant difference between the potential environmental impacts from the side of oil shale ash water slurries as from concrete mixtures of other materials. The raw oil shale in use at lerc originated from the green river formation in which the colorado shale field is located 11.
The analysis of different ash frac tions from fb boilers aimed at determining the amount of such compounds in them was con paper no. Oil shale ash properties estonian oil shale belongs to the lowgrade fuel group 4 and has the following proximate characteristics. Geology and resources of some world oilshale deposits. Chemical composition of the exploited ash fields sediment pond water. Pdf thermogravimetric and composition analysis of oil shale. Use of oil shale ash so far small part 24% of oil shale fly ash is used in cement and in building material so called ash block production. Although, alkali activation of oil shale ash has been investigated for zeolites production. Pdf ash and flue gas from oil shale oxyfuel circulating. Typical analysis of rotems oil shale %wldry basis organic material calcite clays moisture quartz, apatite, gypsum, pyrite % wl dry basis 1027 4565 1030 22% balance carbon is not constant but increases significantly towards the bottom of the deposit. Oil shale deposits exist in 37 countries globally, but the largest and highest quality oil shale deposits are in sparsely populated areas of colorado, utah and wyoming figure 1. Producing geopolymer composites using oil shale ash haddad. Environmental problems in the estonian oil shale industry banktrack. Calculation analysis of shale oil and power cogeneration 21 after the retort drum, the gaseous retort products are separated from the semicoke in the separator. Properties of asphaltoil shale ash bituminous mixtures.
Before each experiment, the original oil shale and pkerogen samples were dried at 110 c under vacuum to remove free water. Oil shale ash, by its nature, is a pozzolanic material. Wo2011098091a1 pvc composition material that contains. The oil crisis has prompted renewed interest in direct burning of oil shale as an. The composition of the oil shale may lend added value to the extraction process through the recovery of byproducts, including ammonia, sulfur, aromatic compounds, pitch, asphalt, and waxes. Pdf the use of oil shale ash in the production of biodiesel. Earlier the oil shale ash was used in agriculture and road construction now we are talking about a new approach. The oil shale industry in estonia is one of the most developed in the world. Aug 28, 2018 the potential of producing geopolymer gp composites using jordanian oil shale ash osa was investigated. Oil shale is an organicrich finegrained sedimentary rock containing kerogen a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced, called shale oil.
The oil shale samples used as shown in figure 3 were crushed and sieved to a particle size range around 11. Jan 15, 2010 in china, the total annual discharge of oil shale ash considered as the byproduct in utilization of oil shale, is estimated to be more than 800,000 tons. Jan 01, 2017 in this work, the influences of the pyrolytic temperature and the mixing ratio of oil shale to shale ash on the pyrolysis of huadian oil shale were studied. Dec 01, 2018 the fine oil shale is sent to the solid heat carrier retort after mixed with the hot ash from the circulating fluidized bed cfb furnace. The mineral compo sition of oil shale ash is given in table 4, and table 5 shows the ash gradation by hydrometer analysis on selected ash samples. Request pdf the use of oil shale ash in portland cement concrete an experimental investigation was undertaken to study the potential use of jordanian oil shale ash osa as a raw material or. Twelve gp mortar mixtures were prepared using osa and different proportions of commercially available alkaline activator, composed of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Geopolymerization of the estonian oil shale solid heat. Oil shale is a highmineral, saprolitelike coal, and solid fossil fuel with a low calorific value. Pdf on jan 1, 2019, t pihu and others published properties and. Shale oil is a substitute for conventional crude oil.
Analysis of retorted water produced from partial combustion. Unconventional resources cover different types of oil and gas such as tight oil, heavy oil or shale oil. In order to increase the attractiveness of the oil shale industry and minimize the environmental impact of its waste products, it is important to find new applications for these waste streams 10,12. Oil shale ash was considered for a long time to be a hazardous waste. Estonian oil shale power plants ash handling problems wit press. The results of the proximate and ultimate analysis show that with an increase in density of oil shale, an increase of ash content in oil shale, fixed carbon content. Oil shale in situ retorting is the only technologically feasible method to achieve largescale industrial development. Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources. Shale oil production analysis after the experiment, the shale oil was fully dissolved in hexane and then gas chromatographic tested by gcms, and the gc full scan spectra shown in fig. Leachability of oil shale ash from isfir almahata oil.
Properties of asphaltoil shale ash bituminous mixtures under. Taking into account water, the actual amount of semicoke disposed is up to 1 tonne per 1 tonne of retorted oil shale. From the initial site survey through site closure, eurofins supports all stages of shale oil and gas exploration efforts. As can be seen from the figure, quartz is the main mineral in nongan oil shale. The xrf results indicate that the spent ash consist mainly of about 48% of cao, 7% of sio 2, 4% of al 2 o 3 and 2% of so 3,while osa mainly consist of about 73% of cao, 12%parameter wt % cement spent ash oil shale ash cao 54. Such a result allows to use the data on cao and mgo content determined at ash analysis for establishing the initial. Pdf jordan occupies the eighth in oil shale reserve in the world. As with coal, oil shale can be characterized via proximate and ultimate analysis. The oil shale was supplied by the department of natural resources of jordan. Definition sedimentary rock with a high organic content organic matter is known as kerogen kerogen. Some oil shale sample ash components sio 2 al 2 o 3 fe 2 o 3 cao mgo na 2 o k 2 o others 56.
Oil shale ash management is a wide field and the disposal of os ash is costly, therefore, research is focusing on the benefit from os ash in wide range of applications such as asphalt pavement construction and concrete industry. Pyrolysis characteristics of a north korean oil shale. Synthesis of nucleated glassceramics using oil shale fly ash. Effects of the addition of oil shale ash and coal ash on physic. Production of oil from lumpy oil shale in vertical retort process results in large amounts of solid waste semicoke. Evaluation of new applications of oil shale ashes in. Not to be confused with shale oil, which is oil produced via horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, oil shale must be heated to high temperatures to convert the organic matter kerogen into usable oil shale is a finegrained sedimentary rock composed of mud containing clays and siltsize particles of other minerals. Oil shale is the main fossil fuel used in estonia and a major source of atmospheric pollution in the baltic states. Tight gas differs from shale gas in that it is trapped in sandstone or limestone, rather than shale formations.
Characteristic flyash particles from oilshale combustion. Content of the oil shale ash in the pvc composite material is 0,560%. Spent shale and shale ash can be used as ingredients in cement or brick manufacture. Thanks to its rich reserves and the feasibility of exploitation, oil shale is recognized throughout the world as an important future supplement to oil for energy purposes. Table 1 shows the ultimate analysis data of oil shale and pkerogen samples.
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