Piping systems that are an integral part or component of rotating or reciprocating mechanical devices piping or tubing with an od. Stress analysis of piping system is performed to verify the compliance with the design code, to calculate pressure vessel nozzle loads, displacements due to thermal expansion. Pipe stress analysis is not an accurate depiction of the piping behavior, but it is a good approximation. Lining refractory an overview sciencedirect topics. Piping stress analysis is a discipline which is highly interrelated with piping layout chap. The layout of the piping system should be performed with the requirements of piping stress and pipe supports in mind. One of the simplest formulas, used by the asme b31. Transferlines steam methane reformers bdenergysystems. Worked on subsequent bog recovery projects for the same client. Piping design course pipe stress analysis pdf by seo. This is because, in this temperature range, the crystal lattice structure of mild carbon steel changes with temperatures above about 800 degrees f reference, us steel plate, elevated temperature steel.
Our ability to solve the most difficult problems led our customers to request for us to supply products as well as do pipe stress analysis. Pressure hydrometallurgy operations require vessels to be lined with an. In this pdf file you can find major steps involving. Fccu expansion joints with refractory lining belman as.
Stress intensification and flexibility rps composites. This was prior to the release of caesar when most pipe stress analysis was done with hand calculations. The analysis is performed by a piping stress analysis program. Nonmetallic piping and polymeric or glass lined piping plumbing. The piping system conditions such as static and dynamic head loss. Nps 12 nonmetallic piping and polymeric or glass lined piping plumbing fired heater and boiler internals are also excluded the excluded piping can be included at the ownerusers option. The refractory lined pipe is used to protect the system from hightemperature of the internal flow. The refractory insulates the steel wall of the pressure vessel from the high temperature reaction environment. Stress development in refractory due to the rate of. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc transfer line flexibility. How to perform a pipe stress analysis specifying engineer. Cbse class 11 physics notes for properties of bulk matter. The refractory is commonly constructed of several layers with different materials and insulation properties. Sep 30, 2018 the stress range is limited to less than two times the yield stress, in part to achieve this.
Danny langton piping stress engineer enerkem linkedin. Expansion plan has been designed, but final drawing has not been generated. The staves were cast iron within cast steel pipes for circulating water. This is for piping stress analysis to account for stiffening effect of refractory lined pipe. In sru sulfur recovery unit of a gas refinery, there was a failed 20 pipe of a335p11 material with 2 bar internal. Glass or refractory lined pipe models should be based on the expected overall strength of the pipe but include the total weight soil properties change with terrain and burial depth temperature gradients along the pipe e. Joints between refractory lined pipes sciencedirect. A typical concern in refinery systems is hot walled sections in otherwise refractory lined piping systems, where thermal expansion loading has resulted in cracking in the hot. Refractory products of the same type often vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc transfer line flexibility analysis. However, in some systems, strain concentration or elastic followup occurs. Automatically include coverage of the b31j 2017 asme b31 code update in your analysis and generate more accurate sif and flexibility factors for all.
Aug 30, 2018 pipe stress analysis is one part in piping design engineering, sanjary academy is one of the iso certified institute for piping design course. Apart from the legal or contractual obligations that may exist, some general guidelines for when stress analysis should be done include. Stress analysis is a complex task and in any process unit, there are a huge number of lines exist which run from one location to another. This method applies a modified flexibility factor and a modified stress intensification factor for pipe and lining respectively. An uptodate and practical reference book on piping engineering and stress analysis, this book emphasizes three main concepts. Refractory is also exposed to tremendous stresses during a vessels operation. Experience in other plants containing highpressure hightemperature gases shows. Some polyethylene piping materials are stress rated at temperatures as high as 180 f. Piping design and pipe stress analysis software autopipe. The property of the refractory has an effect upon the stress analysis for fluid catalytic crackingfcc unit piping design. Mar 26, 2021 calculators for pipe and tube required thicknesses, allowable pressures, reinforcement of welded branch, miters, bends, support spans, jacketed pipe, reinforcement of extruded outlet branch, line blanks, weights, hydro test, leak testing, material properties, dimensional properties and more using equations in asme b31 codes. Pro analyze and design any structure, simple or complex, and share the synchronized. Us4228826a interlocking, laminated refractory for covering. Temperatures above 800 f may cause mild carbon steel to warp.
Process duct work conveys large volumes of hot, dusty air from processing equipment to mills, baghouses to other process equipment. My question is due to sifs used by caesar are based on table d300 b31. At 700 f, the design yield stress ratio is about 71% of room temperature stress. Refractory lined preinsulated supports piping technology. The fccu expansion joints are typically ranging up to dn 1800, 27 metric tons in weight and up to,5 meters in length. To find the stress in the small element, say cube of a piece of pipe, construct a threedimensional, mutually perpendicular principal axis system with each axis perpendicular to the face of the cube it intersects. Moments from piping reactions must be considered in the pipe stress analysis. Basic pipe stress analysis tutorial good, relevant and nonoverwhelming technical information on pipe stress analysis is hard to come by. So every engineering organization in this field has set up some guidelines for deciding which lines are to be stress analyzed using software. Our services include stress analyses to verify design. There are even some refractory lined equipment that are under high pressures, such as transfer line piping.
For more information regarding these materials and their use, the reader is referred to ppi, tr4 the longterm strength of thermoplastic pipe is based on regression analysis of stress rupture data obtained in accordance with astm d2837. In this article rca of failed refractory lined pipe is briefly introduced. Not only must refractories withstand significant stress caused by heat and corrosion by chemical agents, they must also be able to contain substances at those high temperatures as well. Stress analysis for cementlined pipe intergraph cadworx. There is a great deal of expansion, contraction, heat, cyclic and convection wind stresses inside vessels such as reformers and boilers. Basic concepts of stress analysis flexibility analysis. Pro analyze and design any structure, simple or complex, and share the synchronized model with confidence for multidiscipline team collaboration. Flexibility analysis plays a major role in designing the piping system. Flexibility and stress analysis of piping system using caesar. Piping design course pipe stress analysis pdf by seo saxxis. This factor is used to predict how much greater the rotational deformation of a fitting will be compared to that of an equivalent length of pipe. Best practice for modelling refractory lined pipes for stress analsis. Refractory lining plays a critical role in the operational and mechanical reliability of a cat cracker. The portion of the heater in which the heat is transferred to the tubes primarily by.
Put additional refractory lined casing plate over the hot spot area. Smith engineering, hatch has successfully implemented titanium compartment walls and baffles on a number of autoclave projects, including four of the worlds largest refractory lined pressure oxidation autoclaves at the pueblo viejo. The cold wall units are refractory lined to ensure the shell wall. Sep 21, 2017 pipe stress analysis is an analytical method to determine how a piping system behaves based on its material, pressure, temperature, fluid, and support. Pdf a critical analysis of anchor spacing in refractory lining design. Titanium internals in refractory lined pressure oxidation. Jun 18, 2008 refractory lined preinsulated supports shipping preinsulated supports. Fundamentals of designing refractory linings for hydrometallurgy. Perform manual pipe stress calculations using formulae, graphs, charts, nomographs. An increase in bulk density of a given refractory increases its volume stability, heat capacity and resistance to slag. Elastic followup can result in failures in systems that. Analyzing all lines will take a lot of time which in turn will increase the engineering time and corresponding cost. The refractory lining is designed with a 45 chamfer to prevent a dire.
So, we decided to provide a simple tutorial on the basics of piping stress analysis. Detail engineering including thermal design calculations. The property of the refractory has an effect upon the stress analysis for fluid catalytic. This effort is ongoing as the reanalysis is progressing. Preliminary stress analysis has been performed on large bore steam piping. The k factor for many fittings such as tees and reducers is simply taken to be 1. Piping design, layout and stress analysis l002 rev. Basic caepipe, pipe stress analysis software piping. Historical perspective of how earlier analysis techniques were developed in the absence of todays computer technology.
Refractory lining an overview sciencedirect topics. Best practice for modelling refractory lined pipes for stress. This tutorial is directed towards newcomers to pipe stress analysis just as much as to engineers new to caepipe. Although round duct work costs more to fabricate than rectangular duct work, it requires fewer stiffeners and is favored in many applications over rectangular ductwork. When system operating temperature exceeds 150f and the pipe diameter is 4 inch or above. Piping system analysis pipe stress analysis services. Stresses in refractory lined circular vessels and pipes. Influences on the selection and distribution of piping components throughout the entire system. Stress is considered as the ratio of force to area. Nov, 2020 the refractory lined pipe is used to protect the system from hightemperature of the internal flow. These two kinds of factors are individually obtained by comparing the results of femanalysis using 3d. Equivalent mechanical property for stress analysis on lined pipe. Refractory piping pipelines, piping and fluid mechanics. Thermography to check for hot spots in refractory lined systems acoustic emission testing.
Gain complete understanding of piping systems, related standards, piping drawings, design calculations, stress requirements. A transient analysis is necessary because heating or cooling a vessel too quickly can result in lining failure as a result of exceeding the stress limits of the refractory. Fccu expansion joints designed and manufactured by belman are refractory lined and unlined expansion joints for fluid catalytic cracking. Pdf stress analysis of piping systems raymundo cordero. Autopipe advanced accelerate delivery of compliant piping designs for any size project with proven, scalable, and integrated advanced pipe stress analysis. Pipe wall thickness, stress calculations and pipe support design. The reactor vessel is lined on the inside with refractory. Lead piping stress engineer 10 years oversaw all piping stress analysis work performed in the montreal office, as well as on several projects in alberta, ontario, and houston. Basis for deciding stress critical lines with pdf what. Chadda, current topics in piping and pipe support design, pvp vol. To demonstrate the effects that the rate of temperature change has on the stresses in a refractory lining, a transient thermal and stress. A second factor that should be considered in a pipe stress analysis is the flexibility factor, or k.
A primer on the basic physical properties of a refractory product 12 how to choose the best refractory material 16 choosing the best refractory material for an aluminum furnace 19 foamfrax rg instead of a lowtemperature board system 22 interpreting a refractory technical datasheet 25. The bulk density is useful property of refractories, which is the amount of refractory material within a volume kgm3. The portion of the heater in which the heat is transferred to the tubes primarily by radiation is known as the radiant section. Basis for deciding stress critical lines with pdf what is. I am looking for reference to gunite someone call it shotncrete stiffness and density data.
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